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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Austria: Economy
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Austria
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: Austria boasts a prosperous and stable socialist
market economy with a sizable proportion of nationalized
industry and extensive welfare benefits. Thanks to an excellent
raw material endowment, a technically skilled labor force, and
strong links to German industrial firms, Austria occupies
specialized niches in European industry and services (tourism,
banking) and produces almost enough food to feed itself with
only 8% of the labor force in agriculture. Increased export
sales resulting from German unification, continued to boost
Austria's economy through 1991. However, Germany's economic
difficulties in 1992 slowed Austria's GDP growth to 2% from the
3% of 1991. Austria's economy, moreover, is not expected to grow
by more than 1% in 1993, and inflation is forecast to remain
about 4%. Unemployment will likely remain at current levels at
least until 1994. Living standards in Austria are comparable
with the large industrial countries of Western Europe. Problems
for the l990s include an aging population, the high level of
subsidies, and the struggle to keep welfare benefits within
budgetary capabilities. The continued opening of Eastern
European markets, however, will increase demand for Austrian
exports. Austria, a member of the European Free Trade
Association (EFTA), in 1992 ratified the European Economic Area
Treaty, which will extend European Community rules on the free
movement of people, goods, capital and services to the EFTA
countries, and Austrians plan to hold a national referendum
within the next two years to vote on EC membership.
</p>
<p>National product: GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $141.3
billion (1992)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: 1.8% (1992)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $18,000 (1992)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 6.4% (1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $47.8 billion; expenditures $53.0 billion,
including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $43.5 billion (1992 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: machinery and equipment, iron and steel,
lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals</l>
<l> partners: EC 65.8% (Germany 39%), EFTA 9.1%, Eastern
Europe/former USSR 9.0%, Japan 1.7%, US 2.8% (1991)</l>
<l>Imports: $50.7 billion (1992 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment,
vehicles, chemicals, textiles and clothing, pharmaceuticals</l>
<l> partners: EC 67.8% (Germany 43.0%), EFTA 6.9%, Eastern
Europe/former USSR 6.0%, Japan 4.8%, US 3.9% (1991)</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $11.8 billion (1990 est.)
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate 2.0% (1991)
</p>
<p>Electricity: 17,600,000 kW capacity; 49,500 million kWh
produced, 6,300 kWh per capita (1992)
</p>
<p>Industries: foods, iron and steel, machines, textiles,
chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp, tourism, mining, motor
vehicles
</p>
<p>Agriculture: accounts for 3.2% of GDP (including forestry);
principal crops and animals - grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar
beets, sawn wood, cattle, pigs, poultry; 80-90% self-sufficient
in food
</p>
<p>Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route
</p>
<p>Economic aid: donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $2.4
billion
</p>
<p>Currency: 1 Austrian schilling (S)=100 groschen
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: Austrian schillings (S) per US$1 - 11.363
(January 1993), 10.989 (1992), 11.676 (1991), 11.370 (1990),
13.231 (1989), 12.348 (1988)
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: calendar year
</p></body></article></text>